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Objective To investigate the influence of age on perioperative clinical parameters, tumor resection effects and complications of patients with early stage gastric cancer for single lesion treated by ESD.Methods 60 patients with early stage gastric cancer for single lesion treated by ESD were chosen from January 2013 to July 2014 and divided into 2 groups including A group (35 patients) with < 60 years old and B group (25 patients) with ≥ 60 years old; and the operation time, intraoperative blood loss, hospital staying time, tumor curative resection and completed rate, the recurrence rate with follow-up and complications incidence of 2 groups were compared.Results All the patients were successfully performed the operation and no bleeding cases. There was no significant difference in the operation time, intraoperative blood loss, hospital staying time between 2 groups (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in the tumor curative resection and completed rate between the 2 groups (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in the recurrence rate with follow-up between 2 groups (P < 0.05). There was no signiifcant difference in the complications incidence between 2 groups (P < 0.05).Conclusion ESD is safe and feasible in the treatment of elderly patients with early stage gastric cancer for single lesion, and it is equivalent to short- and long-term efifcacy in non-elderly patients and not increase the operation time, the trauma degree and complications risk.
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Objective To investigate the clinical manifestation,therapeutic methods and treatmenteffectiveness of hand contracture due to extravasation injury from peripheral intravenous therapy in children.Methods Data of 6 children who had received treatment for hand contracture in our hospital from March 2004 to September 2011 were retrospectively analyzed.There were 3 boys and 3 girls,aged from 24 to 51 months (average,38 months).Two children underwent extensor tenolysis and dorsal capsular release at the metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joints.The other 4 children received conservative treatment,including physical therapy (ultrasound and medium frequency pulse) to reduce the hand swelling and peritendinous adhesion,active and passive functional exercise of digital joints and night splint protection.Results The MCP joint could be passively flexed to 90° intraoperatively in 2 children who underwent operation; however the contracture recurred at 2 months and 6 months after operation,respectively,and then the MCP joints were fixed at 0° position.For 4 children who received conservative treatment,although the active flexion of their MCP joints ranged from 30° to 45° during the rehabilitative procedure,recurrence of hand contracture was observed after the cessation of the rehabilitation in all children,and the range of active MCP joints flexion varied from 0° to 15°.Conclusion The mechanism underlying hand contracture due to extravasation injury from peripheral intravenous therapy remains elusive.Either simple conservative or surgical management results in poor functional outcomes.Combined therapy based on different indications for conservative and surgical management may improve the outcomes.
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@#Objective To introduce the clinical application of a extensive revense peroneal artery flap in repairing big soft tissue defect in foot, especially in repairing a big defect in distal foot and the exposure of one or more metatarsophalangeal joint. Methods The skin flaps were used in 11 cases to repair the big soft tissue defect in foot, including the distal part of foot. The flap upper boundary may surpass the capitulum fibulae; The lower boundary may reach the back line between external malleolus and internal malleolus; Lat-eral boundary could overrun anterior margin of fibula about 2 cm; Inboard boundary could get to medial mar-gin of gastrocnemius muscle. In attention: the two branch vessels from peroneal vessel in the site of 11-13 cm and of 5-7 cm above the outer anker would be included in the flap. Results Ten of 11 skin flaps survived satisfactory. A small, marginal portion of one flap in one case presented necrosis. Conclusion The reverse peroneal artery flap is easy to elevate and safety, which is an ideal flap for a huge soft tissue defect in foot, especial in the distal part of foot.
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This study is to investigate the effect of local phVEGF165 injection on sciatic nerve regeneration in the rats and to search for a new way in the further treatment of peripheral nerve injuries.Forty-five adult male Wistar rats received a neurotomy to bilateral sciatic nerves, which were subsequently reconnected with 10/0 epineurial nylon sutures. The injured segments was locally injected with normal saline (group A), or 25 μg of phVEGF165 (group B) or 50 μg phVEGF165 (group C).Nerve conduction and regeneration were evaluated in terms of the histological changes, weight of gastrocnemius muscles, electrophysiology and morphometric results. Our study demonstrated that rats of group C showed the best results in terms of nerve regeneration, followed by group B and group A. Our findings suggested that local injection of phVEGF165 can facilitate nerve regeneration and promote functional recovery in a dose-dependent manner.
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This study is to investigate the effect of local phVEGF(165) injection on sciatic nerve regeneration in the rats and to search for a new way in the further treatment of peripheral nerve injuries. Forty-five adult male Wistar rats received a neurotomy to bilateral sciatic nerves, which were subsequently reconnected with 10/0 epineurial nylon sutures. The injured segments was locally injected with normal saline (group A), or 25 microg of phVEGF(165) (group B) or 50 microg phVEGF(165) (group C). Nerve conduction and regeneration were evaluated in terms of the histological changes, weight of gastrocnemius muscles, electrophysiology and morphometric results. Our study demonstrated that rats of group C showed the best results in terms of nerve regeneration, followed by group B and group A. Our findings suggested that local injection of phVEGF165 can facilitate nerve regeneration and promote functional recovery in a dose-dependent manner.
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BACKGROUND:Vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGF) can promote the division of endothelial cells and accelerate the growth of newborn vessels, whereas the expression and distribution of VEGF receptors (VEGFR) in spinal cord should be observed.OBJECTIVE: To observe the expression and distribution of VEGFR-1 and VEGFR-2 in rat spinal cord.DESIGN: A randomized controlled observation.SETTING: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University; Department of Hand Surgery, Union Hospital affiliated to Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology.MATERIALS: Ten adult male Wistar rats of clean degree, weighing 180-200 g, were provided by the animal experimental center of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology. Immunohistochemical primary antibody was purchased from Santa Cruz Company; the second and third antibodies from Beijing Zhongshan Biotechnology Co., Ltd. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) kit was the product of Promega,Trizol reagents were purchased from Invitrogen Company, and the VEGFR-1 and VEGFR-2 primers were designed by Beijing Aoke Company.METHODS: The experiment was carried out in the laboratory of Department of Hand Surgery of Wuhan Union Hospital from March to June in 2004. ① Detection of VEGFR expression in spinal cord anterior horn: The rats were anesthetized by 100 g/L chloral hydrate, spinal cord of lumbar 4-6 (L4-6) was fixed in fixation solution at 4 ℃ for overnight, then routine dehydration, hyalinization and paraffin embedding were performed, and serial sections of about 5 μm were prepared for observing the VEGFR expressions using immuniohistochemical staining. ② Detection of VEGFR mRNA expression in spinal cord: Five rats were selected, L4-6 spinal cord (50 mg) was removed and centrifugated, then the content of total RNA was determined with ultraviolet spectrophotometer. The synthetized cDNA was amplified with PCR, and the PCR products (10 μL) were treated with 20 g/L agarose gel electrophoresis, and stained with 0.1 mg/L ethidium bromide, the results were observed and recorded under ultraviolet lamp and photographed. The products were scanned and quantified with gel imaging analytical system to record the gray value of each band, the gray value of β-actin band was taken as 1,and those of the other objective fragments were compared with it to record the gray value ratio and analyze the expressions of the objective fragments.MAIN OUTCOMEMEASURES: ① Expression and distribution of VEGFR-1 and VEGFR-2 in rat spinal cord anterior horn;② Results of VEGFR mRNA expression in spinal cord.RESULTS: ① Both VEGFR-1 and VEGFR-2 were expressed in the microvessels of normal rat spinal cord tissue.Besides, VEGFR-2 mainly expressed in motor neurons, glial cells and the nerve fibers in surrounding white matter. ②The results of gel imaging analytical system showed that the VEGFR-2 content in normal spinal cord was obviously higher than VEGFR-1 (0.874±0.222, 0.486±0.181, P ＜ 0.05).CONCLUSION: VEGF promote the formation of microvessels through the combined effects of VEGFR-1 and VEGFR-2,and it plays the neurotrophic and neuroprotective role through VEGFR-2.
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[Objective]To study the effect of End-to-side neurorrhaphy for protection target muscle.[Method]Twenty-six wistar rats were divided into two groups,with 13 in each group,peroneal nerve was transacted on the right side of all the animals,in one group,the proximal end of peroneal nerve was turned back and ligated,the distal end was sutured to the side of tibial nerve with perineurial window,in another group,both ends of the transacted peroneal nerve were turned back and ligated as contrast,no operation was done on the left side.Three months after operation,the peroneal nerve and the tibial muscle were taken for histologic exmination,and the muscle's wet weight was examed.[Result]Significant difference was seen between the two groups in the muscle wet weight,the muscle fiber cross sectional area,the moter endplate area and color(P
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BACKGROUND: In repair of nerve defect with allogenic nerve graft, to reduce immune rejection is one of the key problems. At present, the main approach is to reduce antigenicity of grafted nerve segment and apply generally immune inhibitor.OBJECTIVE: To observe the effects of freeze/thaw treatment and local application of transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1) plasmid on frozen nerve allograft.DESIGN: Randomized controlled animal experiment was designed.SETTING: Department of Hand Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College Affiliated to Huazhong University of Science and Technology.MATERIALS: The experiment was performed in Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology from January 2003 to December 2004, in which 40 Wistar healthy and adult rats were employed,from different delivery and were randomized into experimental group and control, 20 rats in each one.METHODS: Transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) plasmid and frozen allogenic sciatic nerve were prepared. In experimental group and control,sciatic nerve was cut off 2.0 cm in length, in the foramen 0.5 cm beneath piriformis. The nerve defect was repaired with pre-frozen allogenic nerve 2.0 cm in length. In experimental group, TGF-β1 plasmid was injected in local muscle and two broken ends of nerve. In the control group, physiological saline of equal volume was injected. In the 6th and 12th weeks, the samples were collected from 10 rats in each group for sectioning, staining,axonal counting and statistical analysis.RESULTS: No any animal was died in experiment and all of animals entered result analysis. In the 6th weeks, in the control group, mild edema appeared among axons on the grafted segment of nerve and in the experimental group, there was no edema among axons and the regenerated nerve numbers were close to the normal. In the 12th week, in the experimental group, the entire grafted nerve segment was basically filled up by the regenerated axons;myelinated nerve fiber was arranged in order and both axons and myelins were developed well. The regenerated axonal count in experimental group was more significantly than the control, indicating extremely significant difference [(98.6±4.8), (75.8±5.1) counts/μm2, t=2.962, P ＜ 0.01].CONCLUSION: Freeze/thaw treatment can decrease antigenicity of allogenic nerve, which provides the possibility of repair of nerve defect. Local application of TGF-β1 plasmid can provide immune inhibition locally and reduce immune rejection in the host.
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To identify the best suture techniques for the tendon repair, the biomechanical properties of tendons sutured by different methods were dynamically examined. 140 chickens were divided into 2 groups equally: group A and group B. The tendon of the right side was subjected to injury-repair process, and the tendons of the left sides served as controls in both groups. In group A, "figure-of8" suture, modified Kessler suture and Bunnell suture were used for the 2nd to 4th paws respectively, while in group B, Kleinert suture, Tsuge suture and Ikuta suture were used. On the day 0, 3,7, 14, 21, 28, 42 after operation, 10 animals were sacrificed and the flexor tendons of both sides were harvested for strength test. The results showed that the initial strength of the repaired tendons and the strength after 6 weeks following tendon cut were far below those of intact tendons, irrespective of suture techniques used. With the 6 techniques, the Pmax of tendons repaired by Tsuge suture was increased continually, reaching the highest value on the 42nd day. The Pmax of tendons sutured by the modified Kessler suture was slightly lower than that by Tsuge suture, but it was increased steadily in healing. The tendons repaired by figure-of-8 suture yielded the lowest Pmax. It was concluded that Tsuge suture and modified Kessler suture were the best techniques for tendon repair.
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To identify the best suture techniques for the tendon repair, the biomechanical properties of tendons sutured by different methods were dynamically examined. 140 chickens were divided into 2 groups equally: group A and group B. The tendon of the right side was subjected to injury-repair process, and the tendons of the left sides served as controls in both groups. In group A, "figure-of-8" suture, modified Kessler suture and Bunnell suture were used for the 2nd to 4th paws respectively, while in group B, Kleinert suture, Tsuge suture and Ikuta suture were used. On the day 0, 3, 7, 14, 21, 28, 42 after operation, 10 animals were sacrificed and the flexor tendons of both sides were harvested for strength test. The results showed that the initial strength of the repaired tendons and the strength after 6 weeks following tendon cut were far below those of intact tendons, irrespective of suture techniques used. With the 6 techniques, the P(max) of tendons repaired by Tsuge suture was increased continually, reaching the highest value on the 42nd day. The P(max) of tendons sutured by the modified Kessler suture was slightly lower than that by Tsuge suture, but it was increased steadily in healing. The tendons repaired by figure-of-8 suture yielded the lowest P(max). It was concluded that Tsuge suture and modified Kessler suture were the best techniques for tendon repair.
Subject(s)
Biomechanical Phenomena , Chickens , Suture Techniques , Tendon Injuries/surgery , Tendons/surgery , Tensile Strength , Wound HealingABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: At present, the repair by means of suture is still commonly used to repair the peripheral nerve injury and rupture, while the adhesion of the fibrin glue repairing peripheral nerve injury has been considered as a new topic of study.OBJECTIVE: To study the countertraction intensity of peripheral nerve and its dynamic changes after repaired with the adhesion of fibrin glue.DESIGN: A randomized controlled experimental study.SETTING and MATERIALS: The study was completed in the Laboratory of Biodynamics, Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology. The healthy adult male Wistar rats weighing 250- 300 g were selected for the experiment.INTERVENTIONS: Totally 96 Wistar rats were completely randomized into the suture group and the adhesion group. Their sciatic nerves were cut, and the incisions were well lined. The fibrin glue was adopted in the adhesion group, while 11 -0 suture was adopted in the suture group. On the very day and 3, 7, 14, 21, 28 days after the operation, 8 rats were respectively taken each from the suture group and the adhesion group. The free sciatic nerves of them were detected immediately by the biodynamic test.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The peak load and the power consumption were measured when the nerves ruptured and the nerve stress-strain curve was described.RESULTS: In normal countertraction intensity curve of the nerve, the elastic peculiarity can be manifested. Between the suture group and the adhesion group, there were no notable significances of the maximal countertraction intensity and power consumption on the very day and 14, 21, 28 days after the operation( P ＞ 0.05). While 3 days after the operation, the maximal countertraction intensity of the two groups was(1.35± 0. 27),( 1.97 ± 023) N/mm2 respectively, the power consumption was (0. 028 ± 0.007), (0.040 ± 0.003) J/mm2 respectively. Seven days after the operation, the maximal countertraction intensity was( 1.93 ± 0.26), (2.74± 0.30) N/mm2 respectively, the power consumption was(0.047±0.009), (0.063±0.007) J/mm2 respectively. The differences both had the notable significance ( P ＜ 0.05).CONCLUSION: The fibrin glue has enough countertraction intensity and can gratify the need of such nerve repairs.
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BACKGROUND: Auto-neural transplantation is used widely on peripheral neurological defect, but it also has some difficulties. So some scholars try to use xenoma-neural transplantation; however, it is hard todeal with immunological rejection.OBJECTIVE: To study the effect of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGFβ1) used in local area on neural regeneration after transplantation of fresh nerve allograft.DESIGN: Randomized controlled study.SETTING: Hand Surgery Department of Union Hospital Affiliated to Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and TechnologY.MATERIALS: The experiment was conducted in the Union Hospital Affiliated to Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology between August 2001 and October 2002. Totally 60healthy adult Wistar rats from different confinements were randomly divided into three groups including experimental group, blank group and control group with 20 in each group.METHODS: TGF-β1 plasmid was prepared for using. Establishment of animal model: Sciatic nerve at the 0.5 cm deep of piriformis muscle of rats in the two groups was cut with disinfectant razor into chip regularly about 2.0 cm. The excisional nerve segment was exchanged to transplant plerosis neurological defect. TGF-31 was injected into the local muscles and bisection of nerve in the experimental group, and equal volume of saline was injected into rats in the blank group and the control group. In addition, rats in the experimental group and the blank group were not treated with any drugs, but cyclosporine A (15 mg/kg) was used to feed rats in the control group. Ten rats from each group were taken for section and staining at the 6th and the 12th week: ① Glees-luxot fast blue staining method; ② myelin sheath fast blue staining method. Axonal amount: Fields were randomly taken from the middle staining samples 12 weeks later and 1.0 mm2 interaxis-cylinder was counted under light microscope of 400 times. Comparisons among groups were analyzed with i test.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Morphological observation and axonal amount of transplanted area in each group.RESULTS: Quantitative analysis of the experimental animals: Totally 60rats entered the final analysis without any loss. ① Infiltration of monocytes was observed widely in various areas of graft in the blank group;meanwhile, desiccation of myelin sheath and plenty of vacuolations were also observed, especially at the sixth week. The whole graft was infiltrated by monocyte with severe rejection. Few axis-cylinders were regenerated in the transplanted segment. At the 12th week, graft was slender, plenty of scar tissues were proliferated, edema was observed obviously, few Schwann cells and regenerated axis-cylinders were observed, and lots of regenerated axis-cylinders did not pass the whole graft. A few infiltrative monocytes were observed, and edema was observed obviously, but new vessel was formed in transplanted nerve, and regenerated axis-cylinders passed the whole graft in the experimental group and the control group.Lots of Schwann cells were observed at the 6th week; meanwhile, regenerated axis-cylinders passed the whole graft at the 12th week, a quantitative myelinization was formed, Schwann cells proliferated obviously, and edema between axis-cylinder was relieved. Numbers of peripherally regener ated axis-cylinder of nerve and remyelination in each ransplanted area were more than those in the central area, and edema between peripheral axis-cylinder was milder than that in the central area in the experimental group. ② Twelve weeks after operation, 5 rats in each group were selected to observe their fields, which were taken randomly from neural graft,under the microscope of 400 times to count 1.0 mm2 inter-axis-cylinders.Number of axis-cylinder was higher in the experimental group and the control group than that in the blank group, and the differences were significant [(78.3±4.6), (76.1±4.2) , (15.0±3.5) ,t=3.056, t=2.948, P ＜ 0.01];however, number in the experimental group was similar to that in the control group, and differences were not significant [(78.3±4.6), (76.1±4.2),t=1.982 P ＞ 0.05].CONCLUSION: TGF-β1 used in local area plays an immunosuppressive action locally, decreases host immunological rejection, increases the number of axis-cylinder, and accelerates growth of nerve.
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BACKGROUND: Injured nerve can regenerate through end-to-side anastomosis and obtain partial physiological function in animal experiment. As an immuno-suppressivedrug, FK506, which is characterized by promoting neural growth and functional recovery, is paid widely attention to.OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of FK506 on functional recovery of peripheral nerve after end-to-side anastomosis.DESIGN: Randomized controlled animal study.SETTING: Department of Operation Surgery, Union Hospital Affiliated to Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology.MATERIALS: The experiment was completed in the Department of Operation Surgery, Union Hospital Affiliated to Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology in March 2005. Totally 26female Wistar rats were selected and divided into experimental group and control group with 13 in each group.METHODS: Peroneal nerve was transacted on the right side of all the animals, the proximal end of peronieal nerve was turned back and ligated, and the distal end was sutured to the side of tibial nerve with perineurial window. No operation was done on the left side. FK506 was injected in the right tibial muscle (2 mg/kg· d), once a day within two weeks in the experimental group, and saline was used in another group as contrast.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Three months afteroperation, the bilateral common peroneal nerve and the tibial muscle were taken for electrophysiological and histological examination, and the number of common peroneal nerve fiber, area of tibialis anterior muscle fiber of transverse section and muscle wet weight of tibialis anterior muscle were measured. The results were expressed with the ratio between right side and left side (i.e.recovery rate).RESULTS: Totally 26 rats entered the final analysis. ① Results of histological examination: Both ratio of number of nerve fiber and ratio of area of muscle fiber in the experimental group were higher than those in the control group (0.734±0.143, 0.412±0.119; 0.628±0.125, 0.432±0.135; P ＜ 0.01,0.05). ② Results of electrophysiological examination: Recovery rate of action potential, recovery rate of single muscular contractility and recovery rate of tetanus contractility in the experimental group were higher that those in the control group (P ＜ 0.05). ③ Ratio of wet weight in the experimental group was higher than that in the control group (0.765±0.101,0.513±0.116, P ＜ 0.05).CONCLUSION: FK506 injected into targeted muscle can promote growth and functional recovery of peripheral nerve in end-to-side anastomosis.
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Protective effect of interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) on motor neurons was studied after peripheral nerve injury. Twenty Wistar rats were divided into 2 groups randomly. The right sciatic nerve of each rat was resected. After silicon tubulization of sciatic nerve in rat, 15 microl 1 ng/ml IL-1beta and PBS solution were injected into the silicon capsule respectively. Enzyme histochemistry was performed to show acetyle cholesterase (AchE) and nitric oxide staining (NOS) activity of spinal alpha motor neurons in spinal segments 2 weeks later. Neurons were counted and the diameter and cross sectional (c/s) area of neurons were analyzed by using computer image analysis system. The results showed that as compared with the normal side, both enzyme activities significantly changed in motor neurons in PBS group. The diameter and c/s area of both neurons changed significantly too (P < 0.01). These results suggest that exogenous IL-1beta protects alpha-motor neurons from degeneration and necrosis after peripheral nerve injury.
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Animals , Female , Male , Rats , Interleukin-1 , Pharmacology , Motor Neurons , Pathology , Neuroprotective Agents , Pharmacology , Random Allocation , Rats, Wistar , Sciatic Nerve , Wounds and Injuries , Spinal Cord , PathologyABSTRACT
Protective effect of interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) on motor neurons was studied after peripheral nerve injury. Twenty Wistar rats were divided into 2 groups randomly. The right sciatic nerve of each rat was resected. After silicon tubulization of sciatic nerve in rat, 15 microl 1 ng/ml IL-1beta and PBS solution were injected into the silicon capsule respectively. Enzyme histochemistry was performed to show acetyle cholesterase (AchE) and nitric oxide staining (NOS) activity of spinal alpha motor neurons in spinal segments 2 weeks later. Neurons were counted and the diameter and cross sectional (c/s) area of neurons were analyzed by using computer image analysis system. The results showed that as compared with the normal side, both enzyme activities significantly changed in motor neurons in PBS group. The diameter and c/s area of both neurons changed significantly too (P < 0.01). These results suggest that exogenous IL-1beta protects alpha-motor neurons from degeneration and necrosis after peripheral nerve injury.
Subject(s)
Interleukin-1/pharmacology , Motor Neurons/pathology , Neuroprotective Agents/pharmacology , Random Allocation , Rats, Wistar , Sciatic Nerve/injuries , Spinal Cord/pathologyABSTRACT
To study the characteristics of acute rejection after limb allotransplantation, 29 male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 2 groups, with 15 rats in control group and 14 rats in experimental group. Each rat in control group underwent limb replantation. Each rat in experimental group received limb transplantation from Wistar rat. No immunosuppressive drugs were used after operation. The circulation of the transplanted limb, time and signs of rejection, histopathological changes in the tissues of the limb graft when rejected and survival time of limb grafts were evaluated. In the control group, no signs of rejection were observed, the circulation of each replanted limb was normal, it could survive for a longer time. The experimental group showed clinical signs of rejection (sub dermal edema and erythema) after a mean time of 3.36+/-1.15 days, and the mean survival time of the allografts was only 7+/-0.78 days. Histopathological examination showed most violent rejection reaction in skin. It is concluded that with Wistar-to-SD limb transplantation without use of immunosuppression, rejection of the grafts would occur after a mean time of 3.36+/-1.15 days; the earliest signs of rejection were edema and erythema of the skin, skin being the most representative component of limb graft rejection.
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Animals , Male , Rats , Acute Disease , Extremities , Transplantation , Graft Rejection , Graft Survival , Random Allocation , Rats, Sprague-Dawley , Rats, Wistar , Skin , Allergy and Immunology , Transplantation, HomologousABSTRACT
To study the characteristics of acute rejection after limb allotransplantation, 29 male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 2 groups, with 15 rats in control group and 14 rats in experimental group. Each rat in control group underwent limb replantation. Each rat in experimental group received limb transplantation from Wistar rat. No immunosuppressive drugs were used after operation. The circulation of the transplanted limb, time and signs of rejection, histopathological changes in the tissues of the limb graft when rejected and survival time of limb grafts were evaluated. In the control group, no signs of rejection were observed, the circulation of each replanted limb was normal, it could survive for a longer time. The experimental group showed clinical signs of rejection (sub dermal edema and erythema) after a mean time of 3.36+/-1.15 days, and the mean survival time of the allografts was only 7+/-0.78 days. Histopathological examination showed most violent rejection reaction in skin. It is concluded that with Wistar-to-SD limb transplantation without use of immunosuppression, rejection of the grafts would occur after a mean time of 3.36+/-1.15 days; the earliest signs of rejection were edema and erythema of the skin, skin being the most representative component of limb graft rejection.
Subject(s)
Acute Disease , Extremities/transplantation , Graft Rejection , Graft Survival , Random Allocation , Rats, Sprague-Dawley , Rats, Wistar , Skin/immunology , Transplantation, HomologousABSTRACT
@#Objective To evaluate results of reconstructing thumb opposing function by transfering the extensor carpi ulnaris and the extensor pollicis longus muscle tendons. Methods Forty-nine patients with dysfunction of thumb opposing were admitted to this study. Twenty-nine had median nerve injury in the wrist, twenty complicated ulnar nerve injury at the same time. Thumb opposing function of all patients was reconstructed by transfering the extensor carpi ulnaris and the extensor pollicis longus muscle tendons. Results All patients with median nerve injury got satisfactory results. 80% of patients complicated ulnar nerve injury got fine therapeutic effect. Conclusion It is a convenient and efficient procedure that reconstructing thumb opposition function by transfering the extensor carpi ulnaris and the extensor pollicis longus muscle tendons.
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To study the effects of ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) on denervated skeletal muscle atrophy and to find a new approach to ameliorate atrophy of denervated muscle, a model was established by cutting the right sciatic nerve in 36 Wistar mice, with the left side serving as control. Then they were divided into two groups randomly. CNTF (1 U/ml) 0.1 ml was injected into the right tibial muscle every day in experimental group, and saline was used into another group for comparison. The muscle wet weight, muscle total protein, Ca2+, physiological response and morphology were analyzed on the 7th, 14th and 28th day after operation. Our results showed that compared to control group, there was a significant increase in muscle wet weight, total protein, Ca2+, muscle fiber cross-section area in CNTF group (P < 0.05). CNTF could ameliorate the decrease of tetanic tension (PO), post-tetanic twitch potentiation (PTP), and the prolonged muscle relaxation time (RT) caused by denervation (P < 0.05). The motor end-plate areas 7 days and 14 days after denervation was similar (P > 0.05), but significantly larger 28 days after the denervation (P < 0.05). Our results suggest that CNTF exerts myotrophic effects by attenuating the morphological and functional changes associated with denervation of rat muscles and has protective effects on denervated muscle and motor end plate.
Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Rats , Ciliary Neurotrophic Factor , Pharmacology , Motor Endplate , Pathology , Muscle Denervation , Muscle, Skeletal , Pathology , Muscular Atrophy , Random Allocation , Rats, Wistar , Sciatic Nerve , General SurgeryABSTRACT
ATP was added to the cultured sensory neurons obtained from the dorsal root ganglia of the neonatal rats and PBS was added to serve as control. MTT assays were conducted to evaluate the survival and activity of the cultured neurons. And the silicone regenerative chamber was used after the sciatic nerve incision of the mature SD rat. 1 mmol/L ATP was injected into the left chamber and 0.09 % natrium chloride was injected into the right chamber as controls. The changes of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) activity in the corresponding dorsal root ganglia were measured histochemically and image analysis was also performed 4 days after the sciatic nerve injury. The results showed that extracellular ATP could enhance the survival of the neurons and the number of NOS positive neurons were significantly different between the ATP and control groups (P<0.05). It was suggested that extracellular ATP had neurotrophic effect on neurons survival and could inhibit the NOS activity of the sensory neurons after the peripheral nerve incision, hence exerting the protective effect on the neurons, which was valuable for nerve regeneration after nerve injury.